CLASS 12 GEOGRAPHY NCERT NOTES OF CHAPTER-2 THE WORLD POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY AND GROWTH

 CLASS 12
 GEOGRAPHY

THE WORLD POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY, AND GROWTH 

GIST OF THE LESSON:

 GENERAL, PATTERNS OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD, DENSITY OF POPULATION, FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION, POPULATION GROWTH, TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH, DOUBLING TIME OF WORLD POPULATION SPATIAL PATTERN OF POPULATION CHANGE, IMPACT OF POPULATION CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, POPULATION CONTROL MEASURES. 

GENERAL: 

•  People are the real wealth of the country
•  The country is known by its people 
• The population of the world is uneven   

“ ASIA HAS MANY PEOPLE WHERE PEOPLE ARE FEW AND FEW PLACES WHERE PEOPLE ARE VERY MANY”-GEORGE B. CRESSEY 

  PATTERNS OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION:

•  Population Distribution refers to “ the way the people are spaced over the earth surface” 
•  90 % of people are living in 10% of its land 
• 10 most populous countries (CHINA, INDIA, USA, INDONESIA, BRAZIL, PAKISTAN   
• CIS BANGLADESH HAPAN & NIGERIA) contribute 60% of the population. 

  DENSITY OF POPULATION:

  RATIO BETWEEN LAND AND PEOPLE,  Measured in persons per SQ. km  

 Density = population/area

 HIGH-DENSITY AREAS: ( more than 200persons/sq km) NE USA, NW EUROPE, S, SE,& E ASIA LOW-DENSITY AREAS: ( less the 1 person / sq km) HOT AND COLD DESERTS, LOW LATITUDE AREAS  MEDIUM DENSITY: (11-50 persons /sq.km)OTHER THAN ABOVE TWO AREAS

 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION:

 1. GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS:

1.   Availability of water,
2.   Landforms, 
3.   Climate,  
4.   Soils 

2. ECONOMIC FACTORS:

1. Minerals,
2. Urbanization,  
3. Industrialization 

3.  SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS:

1.  Religious factors, 
2.  Social and political unrest,
3.  Border terrorism, 
4.  Government policies 

   POPULATION GROWTH:

• Change in number of persons of a place during a specific period of time” 
• It may be positive or negative 
• It may be represented in absolute numbers /percentage
• Change in population Is an indicator of economic development

 BASIC CONCEPTS ARE:

•  Growth of population, 
•  The growth rate of population,  
• The natural growth of population,
•  +ve growth of population 
•  –ve growth of population.  

COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE:

1. Birth rate, 
2. Death Rate,   
3. Growth Rate, 
4. Migration 

CRUDE BIRTH RATE: 

 Number of live births in a year per thousand of women             

   CBR=   Bi/ P X 1000     

CBR= CRUDE BIRTH RATE   

 Bi: live births 

 P = mid-year population

CDR=NUMBER OF DEATHS IN A PARTICULAR YEAR PER THOUSAND POPULATION 

CDR= D/P  X 1000 

 CDR= CRUDE DEATH RATE   

 D= NO. OF DEATHS

 P= ESTIMATED MID YEAR POPULATION